Promoting the Bagpipe Revival since 1986
The Bagpipe Society
Review: The Glasgow Collection of Bagpipe Music by Rob Wallace
This edition is from our archives, so it is presented as scanned pages rather than text.
FESTIVAL OF EUROPEAN PIPING IN EDINBURGH by John Gardacre
Although the bagpipe is the national instrument of Scotland and the Edinburgh museums together contain a magnificent collection of bagpipes, it is only recently that efforts have been made to develop the Edinburgh International Folk Festival at Easter into a European Piping Festival. The work has already for some years included a Harp Festival. Last year Hamish Moore contributed his first week of ‘could wind’ piping classes and there was a varied piping concert at the end. This year these were repeated and the whole programme broadened to cover many aspects of piping and pipe making.
Traditional Scottish piping was represented by two striking bands, the Shotts and Dykehead Caledonia Band and the Monckton Hill Band, and by two promising young soloists, Martyn Bennett and Stuart Reid. Anyone who thinks that such players are committing themselves to a hidebound tradition should listen to some of the more progressive music being played by both soloists and bands. Jim Sutherland, though not a piper himself, has contributed some smashing new-style tunes to the ‘Scottish rhythm and swing’ played by his group the Easy Club at their concert. They were not the only ones to be playing this jaunty piping ‘jazz’. The Easy Club Reel. In another direction Mark Duff, who plays recorder and whistles in the young group Capercaillie, slipped in a line on the Leicestershire small pipe to effect in one song.
Another departure from the main Scottish tradition is the revival of the solo Ireland tradition of border and small pipes. In his recitals Hamish Moore has the advantage of being able to draw on his experience as a highland piper and to select techniques and music from the Highland tradition that suit his fellows pipers. He also has the gift of being able to explain to his pupils the minute details of what exactly he is aiming at, at each point in a tune and to give them precise comment even though their individual techniques may never be in the copies of his own. For many pipers interested in this repertoire the week began with the annual competition of the Lowland and Border Piper’s Society, although this was not mentioned in the Festival programme. This is intentionally a relaxed event, to dispel any idea of a formal championship, and many styles of playing are welcomed, from border pipes played as if they were Highland pipes to small pipes sounding more like Northumbrian pipes and with an overlapping repertoire. This year the range was extended in more ways than one by Jonathan Swann’s entry, playing his own developed half-long pipes. If Scottish pipers had difficulty in accepting these as border pipes rather than as a French chanter with common stock-drones, they might welcome them instead as a new form of the pastoral pipes of the eighteenth century.
The Northumbrian tradition was represented by Chris Miller, who is pushing his technique to the limits, especially concentrating on high speed repeated notes with the left thumb, like the Scottish doubling and trebling on the top A. Irish pipes were played by Peter Smith from Dublin and Eugene Lamb from the west coast of Ireland, who is also a distinguished maker. They both can produce that sparkling trickle of tiny notes that dance on the edge of the drones without counting themselves to plunge into haronny with them. The Glasgow group Setanta, who play Scottish and Irish music, were playing for the last time with their Irish pipes player David Munro, who is moving south.
A Hungarian group, Makirag, played exciting string music and also a couple of tunes using a bagpipe. One aim seems to have been to obtain some western currency by selling the instrument between returning home. The central French tradition was represented by Andre Kierus, the virtuoso cabrette player from the Auvergne, accompanied on diatonic accordion by Jacques Laveigne. Arresting Spanish music was contributed by Los Raperigos, a group from Galicia who play gaita, whistle and percussion.
An innovation this year was an exhibition or trade stand event of two days, ‘Meet the Pipemakers’, an opportunity to browse, ask questions and even try out pipes of different kinds. It was also a chance for interchange between the various makers there; but there was never a sufficient crowd of visitors at any one time to justify the planned sequence of lectures and demonstrations by makers.
Another innovation was the series of Piping Festival lectures given on the last day. Hamish Moore sketched in some of the historical background to present day lowland piping, the transition from pitch tuning to modern chromatic tuning, the hunt but reported an hopes for the future of ‘breaking down the barriers’ between lowland and the construction of Irish pipes and Peter Brown spoke about their music. He maintained that while there were distinct regional styles of fiddle playing, piping styles were more personal. This might be because until recently there were so few pipers playing in Ireland. He prefers jigs and reels to hornpipes, which are ‘more European than Irish’ and have ’no sadness’.
Xan Silver, with Los Raperigos, gave an expert introduction and demonstration of their music, starting from simple percussion instruments and the gaita as a solo instrument and concluding with ‘composed’ music and ‘classical arrangements’, sometimes using three gaitas in harmony.
The principal theme for the piping festival was stated by Hugh Cheape in his talk ‘The European Roots of Scottish Piping’, illustrated with diagrams (instead of the musical examples) in the other talks. He is assistant Keeper at the Royal Scottish Museum and is actively campaigning to win for the bagpipe collections in the Edinburgh national museums the recognition of their international importance and the public display that they deserve, In sorting and cataloguing the pipes he has been struck by the variety of types represented and the fact that few of them conform to what we know as the standard Highland pipes. This is not just because pipes to museums are often cast-offs and the ‘real’ pipes remained in use. His researches into old illustrations and publications, types of music and tune names all confirm the pattern: the development of the Scottish pipes must be accounted a nineteenth century movement, part of the re-adoption of a Highland identity for the whole of Scotland. Before then the Scottish pipe music was recognisably part of the European song and dance tradition.
The foundations have been laid for a British piping festival of European scope, in the most appropriate venue in the world. This year it was supported by Scottish, Irish, English, French and Spanish cultural bodies and pipers’ societies. Now it is hoped that EEC support can be obtained via the EEC Cultural Co-operation Committee likewise. Much has been achieved by the Festival Administrator, Marian Ramsay, under the ofbeat festival directorship of Robin Morton and with the enthusiastic help of the others. What is needed is a presiding genius to pursue energetically the ideas that have been thrown around so far. Marsh can hardly be expected to undertake this in addition to the classes and his concert commitments. The whole project is so much in line with the aims of our bagpipe society that the least we can do is to wish success to the new director, Archie Fisher. But there must also be some way in which we can actively show our support and help him and Marian Ramsay continue and develop such good work. Next year the Festival will be from March 25th to April 3rd and the Festival of European Piping will be concentrated on the second weekend, April 1st-3rd. Write for fuller details, which should be ready around Christmas.
RECORD REVIEW by Simon Owers
XORIMA–KORIMA Edigal Bell 70007
This is the first, and only record, by this young Galician group Korima, but one hopes that they make more and very soon. They are a five-piece band who compose most of their own material, which is very strongly rooted in the traditional idiom. The influence of Breton and Scottish music makes itself plain in some of their wholly instrumental items, but it is the Galician traditional influences that shape most of the tunes. In these days of increasing cultural homogenization it is most refreshing to find a group that respects the traditions of its own culture while still being responsive to cultures of others. To me, this is the only way to put a cultural heritage to good use, without a continuous evolutionary process, any culture becomes fossilized and its practitioners risk becoming intolerant of differing philosophies or traditions which consequent disastrous results at either personal or national level. (End of digression.)
While always retaining a keen sense of dynamics and textures, Korima are a very high-energy group which has a great fondness for playing very fast. In the hands of technically unaccomplished groups this approach can result in a chaotic thrash that is infinitely more fun for the player than the bass-would listener. Here, however, the excellent arrangements and playing skills keep such excursions under tight rein.
The band features two gaitas, bombards, recorders, bozouk, guitar, accordion, bass, piano/synthesiser and assorted percussion. The use of piano as an upfront instrument is a salutory reminder of how effective it can be when played thoughtfully (all too rare in most folk bands). The gaita playing is deadly accurate even at high speed (which is not to say that the playing is gratuitously speedy, but only where it is most effective). The bombard playing is also excellent, and really lifts some of the tunes with its clarion tone.
Nearly every tune on this record is a strong one which leaves you whistling it for long afterwards, and the arrangements all leave room for exploration of dynamics and texture. Thankfully, a lot of folk bands are moving away from the all start, all play, all finish approach to tune playing, and Korima’s arrangements are exemplary in bringing out the most in the material. Of all the tracks, I could single out the closing one for special mention. In two parts, the first is a panderiada (named after the dance named after the drum – the pandeiro – used to provide the rythms which motors along very smartly with the two gaitas taking the main part. Following this, the second part is the well-known Up of Slurs which is taken up by the piano and whistle at a pace which makes you wonder how long they can keep it up until the bagpipes make a re-appearance at Warp Factor Nine, leaving you (me anyway) breathless by the time it’s over. The articulation used by the gaitas on this difficult tune is razor sharp, giving clarity to the melody while bundling it along in a way that makes your average jig sound like a slow air. Brilliant!
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